Vichy authorities announce yellow-star order for Jews in occupied zone

Senior Nazi officials met at Wannsee to coordinate the deportation of Europe’s Jews into a program euphemistically called the “Final Solution.” The conference did not initiate the genocide: mass...

German SS authorities began gassing Jews at Bełżec, one of the Operation Reinhard killing centers built in occupied Poland. Deportation trains brought Jewish communities from ghettos to a site...

Slovak authorities began systematic deportations by sending a transport of young Jewish women and girls from Poprad into German custody. Slovakia was then a nominally sovereign Axis partner; its...

The first transport of Slovak Jewish women arrived at Auschwitz. Most were young women and teenagers deported the previous day from Poprad by the Slovak state. Their arrival marks the start of mass...

A train carrying 1,112 Jews departed the Drancy transit camp for Auschwitz. French police and administrators helped operate the arrest and internment system, while German authorities directed...

German occupation authorities deported the first group of Dutch Jews from Westerbork to Auschwitz. Dutch police and administrative bodies participated in the machinery of arrest and deportation; the...

French police arrested thousands of Jews in Paris and surrounding areas during the two-day roundup of July 16–17. Many families were detained at the Vélodrome d’Hiver before transfer to Drancy and...

German SS and police units, assisted by auxiliaries, began mass deportations from the Warsaw ghetto to the Treblinka killing center. By September, about 265,000 Jews had been deported and murdered;...

The first transport of Jews from the Mechelen transit camp departed for Auschwitz on August 4 and arrived August 5. German authorities relied on Belgian records and police cooperation, while...

A transport of Jews from the NDH arrived at Auschwitz as part of the Croatian regime’s collaboration with Nazi Germany in deporting surviving Jews into German custody. Many Jews had already been...