Nixon announces Vietnamization and appeals to a “silent majority”

U.S. Army histories estimate that troop strength reached roughly 543,000 in April 1969. This peak came as Nixon’s administration began publicly emphasizing withdrawals and “Vietnamization.” The number...

At Midway, Nixon and Nguyễn Văn Thiệu announced the first planned U.S. troop withdrawal. The policy became known as Vietnamization: shifting more combat responsibility to South Vietnamese forces while...

A Congress of People’s Representatives in South Vietnam convened to establish the Provisional Revolutionary Government. The archival record dates the congress to June 10; sources differ on whether...

Hồ Chí Minh died as the war continued. He had become an international symbol of Vietnamese independence, though the state and military leadership were collective institutions and policy did not end...

Millions of people participated in or supported local demonstrations and vigils across the United States. The Moratorium showed that opposition to the war had spread into workplaces, churches and...

A major mobilization brought hundreds of thousands to Washington to demand an end to the war. The event followed the October Moratorium and demonstrated sustained public opposition as U.S. forces...

The National Assembly voted to remove Sihanouk while he was abroad, and Lon Nol took power. The change drew Cambodia deeper into regional conflict. Cambodian political actors and civilians had their...

Cambodia’s National Assembly removed Prince Norodom Sihanouk and Lon Nol assumed power. The change reshaped regional politics and preceded the U.S.-South Vietnamese incursion; Cambodian sovereignty...

A U.S. directive authorized the deployment of U.S. and South Vietnamese ground forces into Cambodia. The campaign widened the war into a formally neutral state and provoked intense opposition in the...

Nixon announced a cross-border ground incursion aimed at North Vietnamese and NLF base areas. The action broadened the war, provoked mass protests in the United States and led Congress to restrict...