Nixon announces an initial withdrawal of 25,000 U.S. troops

A cable to Johnson reported that Chennault contacted South Vietnamese ambassador Bùi Diễm and urged Saigon to wait for a better deal under Nixon. The intervention complicated peace efforts and...

Nixon took office promising to end U.S. involvement. His administration pursued “Vietnamization,” transferring more combat responsibility to South Vietnamese forces while continuing heavy bombing...

The United States began the secret Operation Menu bombing of Cambodian border areas. The campaign violated Cambodian neutrality and intensified conflict across Indochina; estimates of civilian...

U.S. veteran Ronald Ridenhour sent letters to members of Congress and senior officials after hearing accounts of the killings at Mỹ Lai from soldiers. His intervention helped trigger investigations....

U.S. Army histories estimate that troop strength reached roughly 543,000 in April 1969. This peak came as Nixon’s administration began publicly emphasizing withdrawals and “Vietnamization.” The number...

A Congress of People’s Representatives in South Vietnam convened to establish the Provisional Revolutionary Government. The archival record dates the congress to June 10; sources differ on whether...

Hồ Chí Minh died as the war continued. He had become an international symbol of Vietnamese independence, though the state and military leadership were collective institutions and policy did not end...

Millions of people participated in or supported local demonstrations and vigils across the United States. The Moratorium showed that opposition to the war had spread into workplaces, churches and...

Nixon announced a gradual transfer of combat responsibilities to South Vietnamese forces while U.S. troops were withdrawn. The policy reduced direct U.S. ground exposure but prolonged fighting and...

A major mobilization brought hundreds of thousands to Washington to demand an end to the war. The event followed the October Moratorium and demonstrated sustained public opposition as U.S. forces...