Otto Bauer publishes a major critique of Luxemburg’s accumulation theory

Luxemburg calls for mass action against Prussia’s unequal voting system, while Karl Kautsky and the SPD leadership favor a more cautious course. The conflict concerns strategy and political agency:...

In the context of German colonial and imperial rivalry, including the Morocco crises, she warns that leaders’ reluctance to confront imperialism encourages nationalist politics. Her criticism links...

In Women’s Suffrage and Class Struggle she presents voting rights as a democratic demand with particular importance for working women. Her approach situates women’s political exclusion within class...

At Stuttgart’s Second Social Democratic Women’s Rally, she argues that women’s suffrage is a working-class democratic demand. She criticizes social definitions of productive labor that render...

Luxemburg analyzes how capitalist expansion relies on access to non-capitalist social formations and territories, including through coercion, dispossession and militarism. The book offers a major...

Reviews and counterarguments range across revisionist, centrist and orthodox Marxist positions. The controversy shows that her intervention was not merely a later anti-colonial reading: it was also...

The response in the party’s central paper illustrates how sharply Luxemburg’s theoretical intervention divided German social democracy. Her work was disputed by currents across the socialist movement,...

Luxemburg works with Clara Zetkin, Franz Mehring and Karl Liebknecht to resist the war and the party leadership’s support for it. Wartime censorship and emergency powers make anti-war organizing...

After urging soldiers not to shoot their fellow workers in a future war, she is convicted of inciting disobedience and sentenced to prison. The prosecution marks a widening attack on anti-militarist...

In a speech during her prosecution, she argues that soldiers should not fire on fellow workers. The speech connects the state’s coercive power at home with the threat of interstate war and becomes a...