Deportation of Balkars begins

Soviet forces recaptured Kyiv after German occupation and mass murder, including the destruction of much of its Jewish community. The city’s liberation did not erase the trauma of occupation or the...

Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill met to coordinate military strategy and discuss the postwar order. Iran hosted the conference while under Allied occupation, underscoring how global planning...

The United States, Britain, and Soviet Union affirmed Iran’s independence and territorial integrity and promised economic assistance. The declaration addressed commitments made by occupying powers...

The Red Army ended the 872-day siege. Hundreds of thousands of civilians had died, overwhelmingly from hunger and disease; survival involved mass mobilization and profound disparities in access to...

Soviet authorities deported Chechens and Ingush to Central Asia and Siberia, accusing entire populations of collaboration. The operation involved forced transport, deaths, abolition of the...

The NKVD began deporting Crimean Tatars to Central Asia, accusing the population collectively of collaboration. The removal destroyed homes and community life; the Crimean ASSR was later abolished and...

The Soviet offensive against German forces in Belarus liberated occupied territory and destroyed much of Germany’s Army Group Centre. Belarusian civilians endured occupation, mass murder, village...

The Red Army launched an offensive that drove German forces west and brought Soviet troops into central Europe. It advanced the defeat of Nazi Germany while extending Soviet military and political...

Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill met to negotiate postwar arrangements, the occupation of Germany, and the United Nations. Decisions about Poland and Eastern Europe exposed tensions between...

Soviet forces launched their final major offensive against Nazi Germany’s capital. The operation caused heavy military and civilian casualties and brought Soviet occupation power into the center of...