Three-year target seeks to improve major state enterprises

After Thailand floated the baht, regional financial systems came under pressure. China maintained currency stability rather than devaluing, seeking to avoid a regional spiral and revealing the unequal...

The decision sought a basic pension system combining social pooling and individual accounts as work-unit welfare weakened. Coverage and funding varied locally, leaving gaps between secure workers,...

The congress endorsed reforming state ownership and management, summarized as “grasp the large, let go of the small.” Strategic firms would be consolidated while smaller firms faced transfer or...

Authorities reiterated that they would not devalue the currency. Stability helped limit regional competitive devaluation but required domestic adjustment and capital controls.

The congress endorsed Zhu Rongji as premier and a program of administrative, financial and state-enterprise reform. A stronger central state would regulate markets and external integration, while...

The reform reduced and reorganized central ministries, separating some government functions from industrial management. Marketization relied on a reconfigured state that continued to steer capital and...

The notice shifted housing toward money, purchase and a commercial market. It boosted construction and demand but converted a work-unit benefit into an asset market; workers with higher incomes gained...

The banking system was reorganized to reduce local influence over monetary operations and strengthen central control. This was a centralizing change inside a market transition, not state withdrawal.

The government expanded public investment and issued treasury bonds as regional demand weakened. Fiscal stimulus supported growth and jobs, favoring large projects while welfare and household...

The rules offered partial support as layoffs and enterprise closures grew. Access depended on formal employment records and local capacity, accompanying restructuring rather than preventing risk...