Harare summit adopts a programme against apartheid

The conference focused on international peace, economic cooperation and support for liberation in southern Africa. Hosting the meeting in Angola made the region’s struggles against apartheid and...

The ministers reaffirmed support for anti-colonial struggles and called for a fairer economic order. The documents show NAM’s effort to combine political solidarity with development cooperation and...

Governments and anti-apartheid advocates debated sanctions and international pressure. NAM states supported stronger measures, while Western governments remained divided over the costs and...

The conference’s proposals fed into UN debate on ending apartheid and Namibia’s illegal occupation. The issue illustrated how NAM diplomacy worked alongside liberation movements and international...

The summit placed apartheid and Namibia at the center of the international agenda. Representatives of liberation movements, including Oliver Tambo, pressed governments to move beyond condemnation...

A/RES/42/23 called for ending repression, releasing political prisoners including Nelson Mandela, lifting bans on liberation organizations and supporting states resisting South African aggression....

A mass uprising against Israeli occupation began in Gaza and spread to the West Bank. It involved popular committees, strikes, demonstrations and civil disobedience, broadening the Palestinian...

Angola, Cuba, Namibia and South Africa agreed principles that linked Namibian independence with regional security arrangements. The agreement emerged from African diplomacy and international pressure,...

Ministers considered how the movement should operate as US-Soviet détente changed the Cold War landscape. They also addressed apartheid, Namibia, Palestine, regional conflicts and the need to update...

The conference concluded that NAM should play a constructive role in solving regional and global problems as détente altered superpower relations. The movement sought renewed relevance without...