Fourth Non-Aligned Summit opens in Algiers

Delegates agreed to continue non-aligned consultation and prepare for a summit in Lusaka. This institutional step helped sustain the coalition even as national conflicts and competing external...

The summit met during intensified liberation struggles in southern Africa and debate over neocolonial economic relations. It gave collective weight to opposition to racism and colonial rule and to...

The final document linked political independence to economic self-reliance, opposing colonialism, racial discrimination and foreign domination. This broadened non-alignment from avoiding military...

The declaration followed a military crackdown in East Pakistan and a mass movement for self-determination. The liberation struggle and ensuing war raised difficult questions for non-aligned states...

Resolution 2758 restored the People’s Republic of China’s representation at the United Nations. The vote illustrated how the growing number of Asian and African states could alter institutional...

The summit connected national liberation with economic sovereignty and called for restructuring global economic relations. Its agenda reflected the reality that formal independence had not ended...

Arab oil exporters used control over a strategic resource after the October War. The embargo dramatized demands for sovereign control of resources and helped make commodity power and economic...

A military uprising overthrew Portugal’s authoritarian Estado Novo. The revolution opened the way to independence for Portugal’s African colonies, showing how anti-colonial struggle abroad and...

Resolution 3201 called for reform of an international economy shaped by colonial extraction and unequal exchange. The initiative, backed by developing countries, sought permanent sovereignty over...

Resolution 3236 reaffirmed the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people, including self-determination and national independence. NAM diplomacy helped bring Palestinian rights into the UN’s central...