Bangladesh declares independence

Soviet-led forces invaded Czechoslovakia and reversed its reform movement. The intervention tested NAM’s commitment to sovereignty and non-interference when coercion came from a socialist great...

The consultative meeting revived coordination after the movement’s early momentum weakened. It addressed international tensions and prepared for a new summit, while revealing differences over...

Delegates agreed to continue non-aligned consultation and prepare for a summit in Lusaka. This institutional step helped sustain the coalition even as national conflicts and competing external...

The summit met during intensified liberation struggles in southern Africa and debate over neocolonial economic relations. It gave collective weight to opposition to racism and colonial rule and to...

The final document linked political independence to economic self-reliance, opposing colonialism, racial discrimination and foreign domination. This broadened non-alignment from avoiding military...

Resolution 2758 restored the People’s Republic of China’s representation at the United Nations. The vote illustrated how the growing number of Asian and African states could alter institutional...

The Algiers summit expanded the movement’s political and economic agenda. Its declarations called for a fairer international economic order and greater control by developing states over resources...

The summit connected national liberation with economic sovereignty and called for restructuring global economic relations. Its agenda reflected the reality that formal independence had not ended...

Arab oil exporters used control over a strategic resource after the October War. The embargo dramatized demands for sovereign control of resources and helped make commodity power and economic...

A military uprising overthrew Portugal’s authoritarian Estado Novo. The revolution opened the way to independence for Portugal’s African colonies, showing how anti-colonial struggle abroad and...