Brioni Joint Statement calls for peace and independence

The agreement stated five principles of peaceful coexistence in relation to Tibet. These principles later informed Bandung diplomacy, though subsequent war between the two states exposed the limits of...

The five Colombo Powers agreed at Bogor to invite Asian and African countries to a wider conference. This was a practical step toward Bandung, giving newly independent states a forum they could...

Delegates from 29 Asian and African countries met amid ongoing colonial rule, racial hierarchy and Cold War pressure. Bandung made formerly colonized societies visible as actors able to set agendas in...

The closing communique affirmed sovereignty, racial equality, self-determination, non-intervention and peaceful coexistence. It condemned colonialism and called for economic and cultural...

The leaders of India, Egypt and Yugoslavia met to coordinate opposition to rigid bloc politics. The talks connected Asian-African anti-colonial diplomacy with a European socialist state outside the...

Israel invaded Egypt, followed by British and French military intervention. The attack on a recently nationalized canal demonstrated how former imperial powers sought to retain control over...

Soviet troops entered Budapest and suppressed the uprising. The episode exposed a tension for anti-imperialist diplomacy: opposition to Western intervention did not erase the need to criticize...

Activists and representatives from across Africa and Asia met to build solidarity beyond formal governments. The gathering linked national liberation to popular movements, labor, culture and...

African political parties, trade unions and liberation movements assembled to coordinate the struggle against colonial rule and apartheid. Its people-centered pan-Africanism overlapped with, but was...

The session opened as newly independent states entered the United Nations in growing numbers. Their presence began to shift debate away from an international order dominated by colonial powers,...