Bandung Final Communique sets out ten principles

New Delhi hosted Asian governments in support of the Indonesian Republic during the Dutch military offensive. The meeting linked diplomatic pressure with anti-colonial solidarity and helped...

Leaders of Burma, Ceylon, India, Indonesia and Pakistan met to discuss Asian security and cooperation. Their discussions helped prepare the diplomatic ground for Bandung and revealed a shared desire...

The agreement stated five principles of peaceful coexistence in relation to Tibet. These principles later informed Bandung diplomacy, though subsequent war between the two states exposed the limits of...

The five Colombo Powers agreed at Bogor to invite Asian and African countries to a wider conference. This was a practical step toward Bandung, giving newly independent states a forum they could...

Delegates from 29 Asian and African countries met amid ongoing colonial rule, racial hierarchy and Cold War pressure. Bandung made formerly colonized societies visible as actors able to set agendas in...

The leaders of India, Egypt and Yugoslavia met to coordinate opposition to rigid bloc politics. The talks connected Asian-African anti-colonial diplomacy with a European socialist state outside the...

The three leaders issued a joint statement advocating peaceful coexistence and independence in international relations. The meeting was an important precursor to the movement, though it did not yet...

Israel invaded Egypt, followed by British and French military intervention. The attack on a recently nationalized canal demonstrated how former imperial powers sought to retain control over...

Soviet troops entered Budapest and suppressed the uprising. The episode exposed a tension for anti-imperialist diplomacy: opposition to Western intervention did not erase the need to criticize...

Activists and representatives from across Africa and Asia met to build solidarity beyond formal governments. The gathering linked national liberation to popular movements, labor, culture and...