Israeli ground offensive begins in Gaza

A ceasefire between Israel and Palestinian armed groups in Gaza takes effect. Reuters documents civilian hopes for respite and resumption of fishing and ordinary economic activity.

The Egyptian-negotiated calm ends amid renewed rocket fire and military escalation. OCHA identifies its expiry as part of the immediate context of the December offensive; responsibility for...

Israeli air attacks begin a major military offensive in Gaza. OCHA reports extensive strikes and civilian harm, while noting Israeli statements that the operation responded to rocket and mortar fire.

Israeli airstrikes begin a military campaign in Gaza, followed by artillery and ground operations. OCHA retrospectively records extensive civilian deaths, injuries, destruction and displacement;...

OCHA publishes an emergency report documenting the initial airstrikes, preliminary casualty reports, and rocket fire into Israel. Figures are explicitly provisional and should not be treated as...

A three-hour humanitarian ceasefire is implemented to permit civilian access to essential supplies and medical assistance, but combat resumes afterward.

UNRWA suspends operations until security can be guaranteed, underscoring threats to humanitarian workers and access during the offensive.

Israel announces a unilateral ceasefire, followed later by Hamas and other Palestinian factions. Both announcements occur amid continuing disputes over troop withdrawal, rockets and crossing...

UN OCHA reports Israeli troops have withdrawn from the Gaza Strip and remain deployed along its border. Civilian needs and destruction assessments continue.

The president of the UN Human Rights Council establishes a fact-finding mission to investigate possible violations of international human rights and humanitarian law related to the Gaza military...