Israel and Palestinian factions declare separate unilateral ceasefires

Israeli airstrikes begin a military campaign in Gaza, followed by artillery and ground operations. OCHA retrospectively records extensive civilian deaths, injuries, destruction and displacement;...

OCHA publishes an emergency report documenting the initial airstrikes, preliminary casualty reports, and rocket fire into Israel. Figures are explicitly provisional and should not be treated as...

Israeli ground forces enter Gaza following days of bombardment. The operation further restricts movement and access for civilians and humanitarian agencies.

A three-hour humanitarian ceasefire is implemented to permit civilian access to essential supplies and medical assistance, but combat resumes afterward.

UNRWA suspends operations until security can be guaranteed, underscoring threats to humanitarian workers and access during the offensive.

UN OCHA reports Israeli troops have withdrawn from the Gaza Strip and remain deployed along its border. Civilian needs and destruction assessments continue.

The president of the UN Human Rights Council establishes a fact-finding mission to investigate possible violations of international human rights and humanitarian law related to the Gaza military...

The UN mission reports evidence of serious violations by Israeli forces and also finds that Palestinian armed groups committed war crimes through indiscriminate rocket and mortar attacks on southern...

UN General Assembly decision 64/507 provides for direct plenary consideration of the Human Rights Council report containing the fact-finding mission findings.

Israeli forces board a humanitarian aid flotilla bound for Gaza in international waters; nine passengers are killed and many are injured. UN investigations later reach differing legal conclusions on...