Operation Muharram ends after limited territorial gains

Iran opened a new offensive on the central front. The assault sought to pressure Iraqi positions after Iran’s decision to carry the war across the border; it also reflected disagreement within Iran...

Resolution 522 renewed calls for a ceasefire and withdrawal to internationally recognized boundaries. For Iran, these demands arose after its recovery of occupied territory and the expansion of combat...

The offensive near Mandali failed to achieve a breakthrough. Iran’s continued attacks inside Iraq raised the human and material costs of the war and did not trigger the expected popular uprising...

An Islamic goodwill mission led by Senegal’s Moustapha Niasse arrived in Tehran in another effort to end the war. The delegation’s arrival did not establish an agreed settlement.

Iran launched another offensive on the southern-central front. The operation formed part of a shift from expelling Iraqi forces from Iranian territory to applying pressure inside Iraq, a strategic...

Iran held its first election for the Assembly of Experts responsible for leadership selection and oversight. This was a different institution from the assembly that drafted the 1979 Constitution.

Resolution 37/98 D requested investigations of possible Geneva Protocol violations, expert and laboratory lists, and procedures for prompt evidence collection. Iran later invoked this authority.

Khomeini directed judicial and executive officials to respect legal safeguards against arbitrary arrest, confiscation and intrusion. The wartime decree expressed rules for state conduct; it did not...

Iran reported Iraqi long-range missiles hitting populated areas of Dezful. The attack underscored the continuing vulnerability of Khuzestan’s cities after major Iranian battlefield gains.

Iranian forces opened an offensive in the southern sector. The operation sought to break Iraqi defenses but failed, demonstrating that Iran’s post-1982 cross-border offensives faced formidable...