Operation Muslim ibn Aqil ends with limited gains

Iraq’s Arab allies urged Iran to consider an apparent reparations offer. Iran continued to demand withdrawal, compensation and an investigation into the war’s origins.

Iran said acceptance of an Iraqi ceasefire offer depended on permission for its forces to cross Iraq toward Lebanon. The condition connected Gulf diplomacy with the Lebanon crisis.

Iraq accepted moving the planned Non-Aligned summit away from Baghdad as war and Iranian objections undermined its proposed role as host.

Iran opened a new offensive on the central front. The assault sought to pressure Iraqi positions after Iran’s decision to carry the war across the border; it also reflected disagreement within Iran...

Resolution 522 renewed calls for a ceasefire and withdrawal to internationally recognized boundaries. For Iran, these demands arose after its recovery of occupied territory and the expansion of combat...

An Islamic goodwill mission led by Senegal’s Moustapha Niasse arrived in Tehran in another effort to end the war. The delegation’s arrival did not establish an agreed settlement.

Iran launched another offensive on the southern-central front. The operation formed part of a shift from expelling Iraqi forces from Iranian territory to applying pressure inside Iraq, a strategic...

The campaign produced only small gains at heavy cost. Its outcome illustrated the growing difficulty Iran faced in attacking prepared Iraqi defenses and the widening gap between revolutionary...

Iran held its first election for the Assembly of Experts responsible for leadership selection and oversight. This was a different institution from the assembly that drafted the 1979 Constitution.

Resolution 37/98 D requested investigations of possible Geneva Protocol violations, expert and laboratory lists, and procedures for prompt evidence collection. Iran later invoked this authority.