Law 10.639 makes Afro-Brazilian history and culture compulsory in schools

President George W. Bush signed the USA PATRIOT Act, expanding investigative and immigration-related security powers. Its enactment is an institutional context for studying the post-9/11 struggle over...

Coordinated attacks against Muslims began across towns and cities in Gujarat after the Godhra train burning. Human Rights Watch documented killings, displacement and allegations of official...

Cincinnati entered agreements to change policing after litigation and community mobilization over discrimination and excessive force. The federal agreement addressed force, supervision and...

The National Slavery Monument by Surinamese artist Erwin de Vries was unveiled in Amsterdam's Oosterpark. Its creation followed sustained advocacy by communities of descendants. The monument placed...

The Constitutional Court ruled against restrictions on providing nevirapine to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission and required a reasonable programme. The Treatment Action Campaign combined...

In Grutter v. Bollinger, the Supreme Court upheld the University of Michigan Law School's individualized consideration of race in admissions. The 2003 ruling accepted educational diversity as a...

Decree 4.887 regulated identification, demarcation and titling of lands occupied by quilombola communities. It recognized community self-identification and territorial relationships in the...

France promulgated a law prohibiting conspicuous religious signs or clothing in public primary and secondary schools, framed through laïcité. Its scope included Muslim headscarves and other...

Thousands marched to Parliament in Wellington against proposed legislation vesting ownership of the foreshore and seabed in the Crown. The hīkoi asserted Māori interests and opposition to...

German development minister Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul asked forgiveness at a commemoration in Namibia a century after the colonial campaign against the Herero. Her intervention acknowledged German...