The Groote Schuur Minute addresses barriers to political negotiations

Voting for a constituent assembly began and continued through 11 November under UN supervision. The elected body would prepare the constitution for independence. Participation in this process...

Delegates from a broad range of organizations gathered at the University of the Witwatersrand for the Conference for a Democratic Future. The conference endorsed the Harare Declaration. It expressed...

F. W. de Klerk announced the unbanning of the ANC, PAC, SACP and other organizations. A central mechanism of apartheid's political exclusion was removed, opening space for formerly prohibited...

Nelson Mandela was released after more than 27 years in prison. Addressing supporters in Cape Town, he linked the milestone to the continuing struggle for freedom. His release strengthened the...

Namibia attained independence after the UN-supervised transition and elections. The event ended South African colonial rule and opened an era of national sovereignty. Its decolonial significance...

An occupation of Santo Domingo church in Quito helped open the mobilization that developed into the June Indigenous uprising. Communities demanded land, dignity and recognition of Indigenous...

The Supreme Court decided R. v. Sparrow, arising from a Musqueam fisher's prosecution under fishing regulations. The judgment addressed protection of existing Aboriginal rights under section 35 and...

Police moved against a Mohawk barricade opposing a golf-course expansion on disputed land. An officer died in the confrontation, and the standoff widened, including solidarity action at Kahnawake. The...

The ANC and government reaffirmed earlier commitments in the Pretoria Minute. The ANC announced the suspension of armed action while negotiations addressed political prisoners and other obstacles....

The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act became law. It addressed Native American human remains, funerary objects, sacred objects and cultural patrimony held by covered institutions,...