A mass peace march in Cape Town challenges apartheid

The High Court invalidated Queensland legislation intended to extinguish rights in the Torres Strait islands. The decision allowed the Meriam plaintiffs' land claim to continue. Antidiscrimination law...

Brazil sanctioned Law 7,716, defining offences based on prejudice of race or colour, including discriminatory exclusion from employment and access to services. It supplied criminal-law mechanisms...

Implementation of Namibia's independence plan began under UNTAG. The process was intended to create conditions for elections and end South African rule, although its opening was marred by fighting. In...

The International Labour Conference adopted Convention 169 in Geneva. It addressed Indigenous and tribal peoples' institutions, cultures, land and participation, including consultation through...

The OAU's ad hoc committee adopted the Harare Declaration, developed through ANC diplomacy. It set out a route towards negotiations and a nonracial democracy, including removal of obstacles to free...

Voting for a constituent assembly began and continued through 11 November under UN supervision. The elected body would prepare the constitution for independence. Participation in this process...

Delegates from a broad range of organizations gathered at the University of the Witwatersrand for the Conference for a Democratic Future. The conference endorsed the Harare Declaration. It expressed...

F. W. de Klerk announced the unbanning of the ANC, PAC, SACP and other organizations. A central mechanism of apartheid's political exclusion was removed, opening space for formerly prohibited...

Nelson Mandela was released after more than 27 years in prison. Addressing supporters in Cape Town, he linked the milestone to the continuing struggle for freedom. His release strengthened the...

Namibia attained independence after the UN-supervised transition and elections. The event ended South African colonial rule and opened an era of national sovereignty. Its decolonial significance...