Fannie Lou Hamer testifies for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

Mandela and seven fellow defendants were sentenced to life imprisonment. The judgment removed prominent organizers from public political activity, while resistance continued through other networks and...

James Chaney, Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner were murdered in Mississippi while engaged in civil rights work. The killings involved white supremacists and local law-enforcement participation....

Malcolm X introduced the OAAU at a New York rally. Drawing inspiration from African continental unity, the organization linked Black self-determination in the United States to international human...

President Lyndon Johnson signed legislation prohibiting discrimination in specified public accommodations and employment and strengthening federal action against segregation. Years of organizing...

Malawi gained independence from Britain, replacing colonial Nyasaland with a sovereign state. Hastings Kamuzu Banda headed the government. The change ended colonial political authority following...

FRELIMO launched armed struggle against Portuguese colonial government. Under Eduardo Mondlane’s leadership, the movement sought national liberation from an order that denied equal political authority...

Zambia became independent, ending British rule over Northern Rhodesia, with Kenneth Kaunda as president. Nationalist organizing had challenged a colonial political and economic order. Independence...

Martin Luther King Jr. accepted the Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo and associated the recognition with the broader civil rights movement. His address stressed continuing racial injustice and the...

SCLC joined the Dallas County Voters League, SNCC and local residents in an intensified voting-rights campaign. Black residents had long confronted obstruction when attempting to register. The new...

Students led by Charles Perkins began a bus tour of regional New South Wales to expose discrimination against Aboriginal people. Working with local communities, they challenged exclusion from public...