Vivian Malone and James Hood register at the University of Alabama

Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested while participating in Birmingham demonstrations despite a court injunction. The arrest placed the conflict between court-enforced restrictions and nonviolent...

Writing from jail, King defended nonviolent direct action against criticism by white clergy. He explained why people suffering segregation could not indefinitely postpone their claims to justice....

Campaigners launched a boycott against the Bristol Omnibus Company’s refusal to employ Black and Asian bus crews. Caribbean community organizing and wider support challenged discrimination in...

School-age demonstrators entered the Birmingham campaign in large numbers and faced mass arrests. Their participation expanded the challenge to segregation and exposed the state’s treatment of young...

Independent African states established the OAU in Addis Ababa. Its charter promoted solidarity, sovereignty and the eradication of colonialism in Africa. The organization created a continental...

NAACP organizer Medgar Evers was murdered outside his home in Jackson after returning from movement work. He had campaigned against segregation and barriers to Black political participation. His...

Yolngu petitioners challenged decisions allowing bauxite mining on their land without adequate consultation. The first bark petition was tabled in the House of Representatives, with another...

A mass demonstration in Washington demanded civil rights protections, employment and economic justice. Movement and labour organizations brought their constituencies together for the March on...

After months of boycott and public pressure, the Bristol Omnibus Company announced that racial discrimination in employing bus crews would end. The victory demonstrated the force of community...

A bomb at the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church killed Addie Mae Collins, Denise McNair, Carole Robertson and Cynthia Wesley. The church had served as a gathering place for civil rights organizing....