Claudia Jones organizes a Caribbean carnival against racist hostility

Lumbee people confronted a Klan rally at Hayes Pond near Maxton, North Carolina, and drove its participants away. Their organized response resisted threats intended to enforce white supremacy. The...

A conference held on 14–16 February formed a national council to coordinate campaigns for Aboriginal rights. Delegates sought constitutional reform and equal citizenship. Indigenous participants...

The Supreme Court affirmed that Arkansas officials were bound by constitutional requirements and federal desegregation rulings. Black families’ pursuit of educational rights confronted authorities...

Guinea became independent after rejecting the proposed French Community in a referendum. Choosing sovereignty challenged France’s continued political authority over an African population. In an...

The opening session of the All-African Peoples’ Conference brought political and trade-union activists together in Accra. Delegates sought an end to colonial rule and stronger African solidarity....

Martin Luther King Jr., Coretta Scott King and Lawrence Reddick departed on a journey that included a five-week visit to India. They explored Gandhian nonviolence and exchanged experiences with Indian...

The governor declared a state of emergency in Nyasaland and authorities detained nationalist leaders and banned Congress organizations, including their youth and women’s leagues. Repression confronted...

The founding conference of 4–6 April culminated in the launch of the Pan Africanist Congress and the election of Robert Sobukwe as president. Africanists who had separated from the ANC established...

The ANC called for a potato boycott to protest the treatment of African farmworkers. Organizing and public boycott activity developed over the following weeks. The campaign connected consumer pressure...

South African exiles and supporters gathered at Holborn Hall to call for a boycott of South African goods. The Committee of African Organisations organized the meeting. By asking consumers abroad to...