Africanist organizers launch the Pan Africanist Congress

Guinea became independent after rejecting the proposed French Community in a referendum. Choosing sovereignty challenged France’s continued political authority over an African population. In an...

The opening session of the All-African Peoples’ Conference brought political and trade-union activists together in Accra. Delegates sought an end to colonial rule and stronger African solidarity....

Claudia Jones and the West Indian Gazette organized an indoor carnival at St Pancras Town Hall following racist violence in 1958. Music and performance asserted community dignity and cultural...

Martin Luther King Jr., Coretta Scott King and Lawrence Reddick departed on a journey that included a five-week visit to India. They explored Gandhian nonviolence and exchanged experiences with Indian...

The governor declared a state of emergency in Nyasaland and authorities detained nationalist leaders and banned Congress organizations, including their youth and women’s leagues. Repression confronted...

The ANC called for a potato boycott to protest the treatment of African farmworkers. Organizing and public boycott activity developed over the following weeks. The campaign connected consumer pressure...

South African exiles and supporters gathered at Holborn Hall to call for a boycott of South African goods. The Committee of African Organisations organized the meeting. By asking consumers abroad to...

Workers at Bissau’s Pidjiguiti docks struck over wages and faced lethal police repression. The massacre became a reference point in the struggle against Portuguese colonial rule. It exposed the...

Residents opposed forced relocation from Windhoek’s Old Location to Katutura. Police opened fire during the confrontation and killed protesters. The resistance challenged colonial and apartheid...

Four students at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College requested service at a segregated Woolworth lunch counter and remained after refusal. Their action developed into a wider campaign....