Indian naval ratings strike against colonial conditions

A military court in Dakar tried thirty-four former soldiers following the Thiaroye massacre. The proceedings followed veterans’ demands over payments after service in France. Criminal prosecution...

Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta proclaimed Indonesian independence in Jakarta. The declaration asserted popular sovereignty after Dutch colonial rule and Japanese occupation. It marked a claim to...

Hồ Chí Minh proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The declaration invoked principles of equality while criticizing French colonial exploitation and repression. It turned the language of...

Public sessions of the Fifth Pan-African Congress brought workers, activists, and anticolonial leaders together in Manchester. Delegates demanded self-government and opposed racial discrimination. The...

Returning Black veteran Isaac Woodard challenged a bus driver’s treatment and was removed from the bus in South Carolina. Police beat him and permanently blinded him. Campaigning around his case...

Aboriginal workers began coordinated strike action on pastoral stations in the Pilbara. Clancy McKenna and Dooley Bin Bin helped organize the struggle for pay and better conditions. Later walk-offs...

The Supreme Court overturned Irene Morgan’s conviction for refusing segregated seating on an interstate bus. The ruling addressed an unconstitutional burden on interstate commerce. Morgan’s resistance...

Indian activists launched passive resistance against the Asiatic Land Tenure and Indian Representation Act by occupying a restricted site in Durban. Volunteers courted arrest rather than accept...

India requested that South Africa’s treatment of people of Indian origin be placed on the United Nations General Assembly agenda. Domestic resistance gained an international diplomatic channel. This...

African mineworkers on the Witwatersrand struck for a minimum wage of ten shillings a day and better working conditions. Police repression helped break the strike. Their collective withdrawal of...