Cummeragunja residents walk off the reserve

The Poona Pact substituted reserved seats within joint electorates for separate electorates for the Depressed Classes. Negotiations occurred under intense pressure from Gandhi’s fast. Ambedkar’s...

Delegates at Bloemfontein brought organizations together against legislation threatening African political and land rights. The convention sought a united response to segregation. Collective...

Students began a boycott after union leaders Aung San and Nu were expelled in a dispute involving a critical magazine article. The strike linked freedom of expression and student organizing to wider...

Aboriginal activists met in Sydney as the country celebrated 150 years of colonization. They condemned dispossession and called for full citizenship and equality. Their protest challenged a national...

William Cooper led a delegation to the German consulate in Melbourne to protest persecution of Jewish people. Aboriginal activists denied equality in Australia extended solidarity internationally....

Marian Anderson performed at the Lincoln Memorial after the Daughters of the American Revolution refused her access to Constitution Hall. The public concert challenged racial exclusion from...

Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802 after pressure including A. Philip Randolph’s proposed march on Washington. It prohibited discrimination in defense employment and created a complaints...

The Pittsburgh Courier launched the Double V campaign: victory against fascism abroad and racism at home. Black readers and activists challenged the contradiction of fighting for democracy while...

The All India Congress Committee adopted the Quit India resolution in Bombay. The demand for immediate British withdrawal asserted colonized people’s political agency during a war fought in the name...

British authorities arrested Gandhi and other Congress leaders after the Quit India resolution. Activists continued resistance despite the removal of prominent organizers. The crackdown shows how...