Breaking the salt law at Dandi sparks wider defiance

The Second Youth Congress adopted a pledge affirming one homeland, one nation, and an Indonesian language of unity. Young organizers worked across regional backgrounds. Their claim challenged colonial...

Korean students in Gwangju protested discrimination under Japanese colonial rule. The movement spread through schools and linked educational grievances with independence. It demonstrates how racism...

Police fired during a Mau procession in Apia, killing Samoans and mortally wounding Tupua Tamasese Lealofi III. The movement demanded Samoan self-government and used widespread noncooperation. The...

Congress supporters observed Purna Swaraj Day with flags and a pledge for complete independence. The demand moved beyond reforms inside imperial rule. Public participation connected a constitutional...

Gandhi and companions left Sabarmati for the coast to challenge the colonial salt law. A necessity of daily life became the focus of mass resistance. The strategy connected imperial revenue and...

Volunteers advanced on the Dharasana salt works during the civil disobedience campaign. Police beat protesters who did not strike back; reporting carried the confrontation internationally. Women’s...

The Poona Pact substituted reserved seats within joint electorates for separate electorates for the Depressed Classes. Negotiations occurred under intense pressure from Gandhi’s fast. Ambedkar’s...

Delegates at Bloemfontein brought organizations together against legislation threatening African political and land rights. The convention sought a united response to segregation. Collective...

Students began a boycott after union leaders Aung San and Nu were expelled in a dispute involving a critical magazine article. The strike linked freedom of expression and student organizing to wider...

Aboriginal activists met in Sydney as the country celebrated 150 years of colonization. They condemned dispossession and called for full citizenship and equality. Their protest challenged a national...