Students boycott colonial university arrangements in Rangoon

Students demonstrated in Beijing against the transfer of former German rights in Shandong to Japan through the postwar settlement. Their protest challenged decisions made about China without effective...

Rabindranath Tagore wrote to the viceroy renouncing his knighthood in protest at colonial repression. Rejecting an imperial honor challenged the prestige through which Britain sought to secure elite...

Nguyễn Ái Quốc submitted the Claims of the Annamite People to the Versailles conference. The petition demanded legal safeguards and civil freedoms denied under French colonial rule. It sought...

Gandhi wrote to the viceroy returning medals previously granted for service to the empire. Renouncing honors was one form of noncooperation. The act questioned imperial legitimacy and illustrates a...

Delegates adopted the Declaration of Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World. It condemned discrimination and asserted political, economic, and cultural rights across borders. The declaration...

Police killed members of the religious community led by Enoch Mgijima after they refused to leave their settlement. The confrontation linked land occupation, spiritual life, and the racial state’s...

British authorities arrested Gandhi after the noncooperation campaign and charged him with sedition. Criminalizing criticism and mobilization defended the colonial state’s authority. His...

Mary Muthoni Nyanjiru helped mobilize the crowd demanding the release of Harry Thuku in Nairobi. Colonial forces opened fire, killing her and other protesters. Women’s participation challenged both...

Gandhi was sentenced to six years’ imprisonment after accepting responsibility for writings criticizing British rule. The courtroom became a platform for questioning the legitimacy of colonial...

Canada’s Chinese Immigration Act sharply restricted Chinese entry and separated families. Chinese communities called the anniversary “Humiliation Day” instead of joining celebrations of Confederation....