Routine vaccines become an international priority

In animal tests, qinghao sample 191 inhibited malaria parasites in rodents with striking effectiveness.

The team drew on traditional medical texts while developing an ethyl-ether extraction method.

The 4 October finding was preclinical; later research was required before artemisinin could be used in patients.

Tu described this exact observation date in her Nobel biographical account, crediting the wider Project 523 effort.

Its resolution launched the Expanded Programme on Immunization to extend routine childhood protection.

The resolution called for stronger national programmes, supplies and trained health workers.

The 1974 resolution provided a basis for subsequent national immunization efforts.

Ali Maow Maalin developed the rash of the last known naturally occurring smallpox case.

Maalin survived his infection; the exact date refers to the onset of his rash.

Health workers traced contacts and responded to prevent further natural smallpox transmission.