The Union of South Africa is established

About 3,000 Indian and Chinese residents met at the Empire Theatre and pledged to defy compulsory registration. The meeting marked the beginning of organized satyagraha in South Africa.

A Johannesburg court sentenced Gandhi and fellow satyagrahis for refusing to register under the Asiatic Registration Act. Imprisonment became a deliberate method of nonviolent resistance.

Thousands gathered at the Hamidia Mosque, where Indian and Chinese resisters burned more than 2,000 registration certificates after the government failed to repeal the discriminatory law.

The British Parliament's South Africa Act united the settler colonies while protecting white political supremacy. Black South Africans were excluded from national political power.

African Political Organisation activists and allies observed the Prince of Wales's arrival as a day of mourning, protesting the South Africa Act's disenfranchisement of African, Coloured and Indian...

The resistance campaign paused when Jan Smuts entered negotiations with Gandhi. The unresolved conflict later resumed after government promises were not fully implemented.

The Umlazi arrived with the final group of indentured Indian workers, ending more than fifty years of officially sponsored Indian indenture in Natal.

Delegates met in Bloemfontein to create a national African organization against racial discrimination and political exclusion. The SANNC was renamed the African National Congress in 1923.

Gokhale arrived at Gandhi's invitation and met South African ministers about discriminatory laws affecting Indian residents. Government promises made during the visit were not fully kept.

The Union government enacted a literacy test and broad exclusion powers that particularly restricted Asian immigration. Indian communities organized against this racial legislation.