📅 31 May 1902
Britain and the Boer republics ended the war without granting political rights to the Black majority. The settlement laid foundations for white reconciliation and the segregated Union of South Africa.
📅 31 May 1910
The four settler colonies formed the Union under the British Crown. The constitution concentrated power in white hands and preserved racial exclusions that stimulated later national liberation...
📅 27 April 1911
The resistance campaign paused when Jan Smuts entered negotiations with Gandhi. The unresolved conflict later resumed after government promises were not fully implemented.
📅 22 October 1912
Gokhale arrived at Gandhi's invitation and met South African ministers about discriminatory laws affecting Indian residents. Government promises made during the visit were not fully kept.
📅 26 June 1914
The act recognized Indian marriages and abolished the three-pound tax on former indentured workers. Other racial restrictions remained, but the settlement ended the mass satyagraha campaign.
📅 24 May 1921
Police attacked the Israelites at Ntabelanga near Bulhoek after the religious community resisted eviction. At least 160 people were killed and many more wounded or arrested.
📅 10 March 1922
The state used troops, artillery and aircraft against striking white mineworkers. The revolt also exposed the racial labour order because many strikers demanded protection of skilled jobs for whites.
📅 6 September 1939
Parliament chose war on Germany and replaced Prime Minister Hertzog with Jan Smuts. Black South Africans served and worked for the war effort while racial inequality continued at home.
📅 8 December 1946
After India raised the treatment of people of Indian origin, the UN General Assembly declared that relations between the two countries should conform to international obligations and the UN Charter.
📅 26 May 1948
The National Party came to power on an apartheid platform despite receiving fewer votes overall than its opponents. The Black majority had no national vote.
