📅 7 Juni 1893
Railway officials removed Mohandas Gandhi from a first-class compartment at Pietermaritzburg after a white passenger objected to his presence. The incident became part of his developing opposition...
📅 22 Augustus 1894
Gandhi and Indian merchants formed the Natal Indian Congress to oppose racial discrimination and organize political representation for the Indian community.
📅 4 Juni 1903
The newspaper Indian Opinion began publication in Durban and became an important platform against discriminatory laws and for political organization among Indian South Africans.
📅 11 September 1906
About 3,000 Indian and Chinese residents met at the Empire Theatre and pledged to defy compulsory registration. The meeting marked the beginning of organized satyagraha in South Africa.
📅 11 Januari 1908
A Johannesburg court sentenced Gandhi and fellow satyagrahis for refusing to register under the Asiatic Registration Act. Imprisonment became a deliberate method of nonviolent resistance.
📅 16 Augustus 1908
Thousands gathered at the Hamidia Mosque, where Indian and Chinese resisters burned more than 2,000 registration certificates after the government failed to repeal the discriminatory law.
📅 26 Februari 1910
African Political Organisation activists and allies observed the Prince of Wales's arrival as a day of mourning, protesting the South Africa Act's disenfranchisement of African, Coloured and Indian...
📅 27 April 1911
The resistance campaign paused when Jan Smuts entered negotiations with Gandhi. The unresolved conflict later resumed after government promises were not fully implemented.
📅 22 Oktober 1912
Gokhale arrived at Gandhi's invitation and met South African ministers about discriminatory laws affecting Indian residents. Government promises made during the visit were not fully kept.
📅 14 Juni 1913
The Union government enacted a literacy test and broad exclusion powers that particularly restricted Asian immigration. Indian communities organized against this racial legislation.
📅 6 November 1913
More than 2,000 striking Indian workers, including women and children, crossed from Natal into the Transvaal in defiance of immigration controls and the three-pound tax.
📅 26 Juni 1914
The act recognized Indian marriages and abolished the three-pound tax on former indentured workers. Other racial restrictions remained, but the settlement ended the mass satyagraha campaign.
