📅 8 April 1960
The government announced that the ANC and PAC were prohibited under the Unlawful Organisations Act. This formalised the state's response to mass anti-pass resistance and the crisis following...
📅 21 July 1985
The government imposed emergency rule in 36 districts of the Eastern Cape and the Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging region amid escalating township revolt. Curfews, detention and restrictions on...
📅 12 June 1986
The government extended emergency powers across the country as the township uprising and mass resistance continued. The rules enabled detention without trial, curfews, limits on political funerals and...
📅 2 May 1990
The talks began in Cape Town amid continuing violence and distrust. The resulting Groote Schuur Minute set a process for addressing political prisoners, return of exiles and the lifting of emergency...
📅 6 August 1990
The agreement addressed political prisoners, exiles, security laws and the ANC’s suspension of armed action. The ANC entered this step while the apartheid state and homeland administrations retained...
📅 26 September 1992
The ANC and government signed a Record of Understanding that set out steps toward a constitutional assembly and interim government and addressed political prisoners, hostels and violence. The...
📅 25 May 2019
Cyril Ramaphosa was inaugurated at Loftus Versfeld Stadium in Pretoria after the 2019 election. The public ceremony marked the ANC-led government’s continuation under a smaller parliamentary majority....
