📅 5 Sèptèmber 1915
Socialists from neutral and belligerent countries met to oppose the war. Lenin’s more radical position was a minority within the conference, showing that anti-war internationalism contained...
📅 5 Sèptèmber 1915
Trotsky joined socialists from across Europe who opposed the war and issued an internationalist manifesto. The gathering was small compared with mass antiwar movements, but it helped preserve links...
📅 1914
Luxemburg works with Clara Zetkin, Franz Mehring and Karl Liebknecht to resist the war and the party leadership’s support for it. Wartime censorship and emergency powers make anti-war organizing...
📅 1915
Luxemburg joins Karl Liebknecht, Clara Zetkin and Franz Mehring in an organized anti-war current, initially operating within the SPD. Its members distribute illegal material and call for international...
📅 12 Mei 1912
At Stuttgart’s Second Social Democratic Women’s Rally, she argues that women’s suffrage is a working-class democratic demand. She criticizes social definitions of productive labor that render...
📅 2018
Historical Materialism contributors reassess the 1912 suffrage speech and its account of women’s labor. The discussion places Luxemburg within early debates about social reproduction while recognizing...
📅 5 Sèptèmber 1915
Socialists from across Europe met at Zimmerwald to oppose the war and call for peace. The manifesto linked the conflict to imperial competition and condemned the burden placed on workers and oppressed...
