📅 28 November 1941
Organizations/movement: Amin al-Husseini’s exile leadership; Nazi German government. Action: Al-Husseini met Hitler, seeking Axis backing for Arab independence and opposition to a Jewish national home...
📅 23 Augustus 1939
The public non-aggression treaty included secret protocols dividing spheres of influence in Eastern Europe. It gave both governments room to pursue expansion and exposed smaller states to decisions...
📅 22 Juni 1941
The invasion opened a war of annihilation across Soviet territory. Stalin’s government had failed to prepare effectively despite warnings; civilians and soldiers endured occupation, mass killing,...
📅 30 Januari 1933
President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler chancellor after conservative elites brokered a political deal. The appointment did not result from a majority vote for the Nazi Party, but gave it...
📅 7 April 1933
The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service enabled the dismissal of Jewish civil servants and people labeled politically unreliable, with limited exceptions that were later...
📅 14 Juli 1933
The Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring created hereditary health courts that ordered forced sterilization. This coercive eugenic program targeted disabled people and others...
📅 15 September 1935
The Reich Citizenship Law and the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor defined Jews by ancestry, stripped them of full political citizenship, and criminalized relationships...
📅 12 Maart 1938
German forces entered Austria and the Nazi government annexed it. Austrian Jews were immediately exposed to a wave of public humiliation, dispossession, and coercive emigration; expansion carried Nazi...
📅 5 Oktober 1938
A German decree required passports issued to Jews to be marked with a red letter J, following pressure from other states seeking to identify Jewish refugees. The measure shows how Nazi persecution...
📅 9 November 1938
After a Nazi-organized pogrom began on the night of November 9–10, synagogues were burned, Jewish businesses and homes destroyed, and Jewish people assaulted and killed. Police and fire services...
📅 30 Januari 1939
In a Reichstag speech, Hitler threatened the “annihilation” of Jews in Europe if war came, using antisemitic conspiracy claims to frame Jews as a collective enemy. The speech is evidence of...
📅 15 Maart 1939
German troops occupied the Czech lands and established the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Jewish residents came under Nazi rule; expansion of the Reich exposed more communities to discriminatory...
📅 1 September 1939
Nazi Germany invaded Poland, beginning World War II in Europe. German occupation brought mass violence, forced labor, expulsion, and racial reordering; the Soviet Union invaded eastern Poland on...
📅 22 Juni 1940
The French-German armistice divided metropolitan France and left the Vichy government in control of colonial Algeria and the protectorates of Morocco and Tunisia. Nazi domination thus worked through...
📅 22 Juni 1941
Operation Barbarossa began a war of conquest framed by Nazi leaders as a racial and anti-Bolshevik campaign. Einsatzgruppen, police units, military formations, Romanian forces, and local collaborators...
📅 19 Maart 1944
German troops occupied Hungary, whose government had previously allied with Nazi Germany while retaining some autonomy. The occupation enabled rapid anti-Jewish concentration and deportation,...
📅 30 April 1945
Adolf Hitler died by suicide as the Red Army fought through Berlin. Nazi rule was collapsing, but killings, death marches, and camp evacuations continued in the war’s final days. The defeat of the...
📅 24 Februari 1920
Adolf Hitler presented a program calling for a racially defined nation and the exclusion of Jews from citizenship. The platform made antisemitism explicit, but it was not a fixed blueprint for the...
📅 29 Juli 1921
Party delegates elected Hitler chairman after an internal power struggle. His leadership helped consolidate the movement around authoritarian nationalism, racial ideology, and antisemitism. The...
📅 8 November 1923
Hitler and Nazi allies attempted to seize power in Bavaria. The coup failed and Hitler was arrested, but his trial gave him a platform among nationalist audiences. The event illustrates the movement’s...
📅 18 Juli 1925
Hitler’s book circulated racial antisemitism, conspiracy theories, and authoritarian nationalism. It was one part of a wider propaganda environment; it did not by itself determine later policy,...
📅 14 September 1930
The Nazis won about 18 percent of the vote and became the second-largest party in parliament. The result followed a campaign exploiting economic crisis and attacking democracy and Jews. It was a...
📅 31 Juli 1932
The Nazi Party won 37 percent of the vote and became the largest party, but did not win a majority. Hitler demanded the chancellorship and refused coalition participation on other terms....
📅 6 November 1932
The Nazi vote declined to about 33 percent, down from July, though the party remained the largest in the Reichstag. The result shows that Nazi support could fluctuate and that Hitler’s appointment...
📅 17 Juni 1936
Hitler appointed SS leader Heinrich Himmler Chief of German Police, consolidating authority over police forces within the Interior Ministry. This centralization connected policing to SS racial...
📅 30 Januari 1933
President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler chancellor through constitutional procedures after political crisis and elite negotiations. Hitler was not directly elected to the office and did...
📅 12 Maart 1938
German troops crossed into Austria after Hitler coerced the Austrian government and forced the cancellation of a planned vote on independence. The annexation was followed immediately by terror against...
📅 29 September 1938
Germany, Britain, France, and Italy signed an agreement to transfer the Sudeten territories from Czechoslovakia to Germany. The Czechoslovak government was not represented in the negotiations. The...
📅 1 September 1939
Nazi Germany invaded Poland on 1 September, claiming fabricated border incidents as pretext. The invasion combined conventional warfare with terror against civilians and plans for racial conquest....
📅 22 Juni 1941
Operation Barbarossa began as a war of annihilation, not simply a military campaign. German plans tied conquest to racial hierarchy, mass starvation, enslavement, and the murder of Jews and Soviet...
