During the early hours of 25 January 1835, Muslim Africans, largely Nagô, led an uprising in Salvador. Enslaved and freed participants coordinated across neighborhoods, sought to free the imprisoned...
On 26 January 1835, Bahia’s provincial president ordered rapid investigations, searches, and seizures following the Malê uprising. Police confiscated Qur’anic writings, Arabic papers, Islamic objects,...
Provincial Law no. 9 authorized expulsion of African freedpeople considered dangerous, restricted residence and property rights, imposed fees, and required a register recording name, African nation,...
