Authorities send De León and his son to prison in Cádiz

Caviedes, a pardo man enslaved by Joseph de Caviedes, said he saved half his assessed value through wages earned in rest time; his father supplied the other half. His master demanded 500 pesos. The...

Thousands of cultivators and residents, many described by the Venezuelan chronology as being of African origin, entered Caracas with Juan Francisco de León and reached Chacao. They demanded the end of...

Juan Francisco de León and a large crowd reached Caracas’s Plaza Mayor and asked the city council to judge whether the Guipuzcoan Company had benefited or harmed the royal treasury. Their demands...

At De León’s request, the Caracas council held an open meeting attended by 97 people and unanimously signed a critique of the company. The council blamed it for shortages and high prices of Spanish...

Juan Francisco de León surrendered to Spanish authorities and gave testimony in the Caracas city council chamber. The surrender followed the 1749–1752 movement against the Guipuzcoan Company and its...

A royal cédula established a Caracas-based intendancy with authority over royal revenue and military administration across Venezuela, Cumaná, Guayana, Maracaibo, Trinidad, Margarita, and related...

A royal order dated 13 June 1777 permitted merchants and planters in parts of colonial Venezuela to acquire enslaved Africans in foreign colonies, chiefly through exchanges involving livestock,...

The Crown placed Cumaná, Guayana, Maracaibo, Trinidad, and Margarita under the governmental and military authority of the Captaincy General of Venezuela, headquartered in Caracas. The decree...

A royal cédula authorized Spanish and foreign merchants to trade enslaved Africans with Cuba, Santo Domingo, Puerto Rico, and the Province of Caracas under specified rules. The measure treated...

Juana Ignacia, described in the file as enslaved, sought through the Caracas Síndico Procurador to be sold by her owner Rafael Arjona. The surviving case is a legal appeal about a change of owner, not...