After Spain returned clandestinely to Venezuela and was captured, a special colonial tribunal sentenced him to death. The sentence prescribed a public execution and the display of his severed head and body parts in places associated with the conspiracy. This was state terror designed to deter future revolt. The proceedings also involved Black and Indigenous women who had helped hide Spain and were punished, while an enslaved informer named Rafael España was later rewarded with manumission and a pension. These details expose how colonial authorities used coercion and selective reward to divide people living under racial hierarchy.
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