Spanish colonial authorities uncovered a republican conspiracy organized by Manuel Gual and José María España. Its participants included pardos, free people of African descent, and some enslaved people, according to Venezuelan historical reference accounts. The movement’s program sought political independence and proposed abolishing slavery, but with compensation to owners. This was a radical challenge to colonial power that still preserved slaveholders’ claims; it was not an unconditional emancipation measure. Archival and reference sources differ by a day in dating the discovery; this record uses 13 July, the date in the Spanish PARES archival authority record.
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The Gual and España program proposed abolishing slavery without compensating enslavers.
The proposal included abolition but envisaged compensation to owners.