Operation Beit ol-Moqaddas opens its main offensive

UPI cited Western diplomats describing continued Israeli arms shipments to Tehran after the 1981 cargo-plane crash. The report illustrated Iran’s search for supplies across hostile political...

The operation ended after Iranian forces retook substantial territory and forced Iraqi units to withdraw toward the prewar boundary. Iranian accounts presented the outcome as proof that the invasion...

Yasser Arafat urged Iran and Iraq to end their war and unite against Israel. The appeal illustrates a regional mediation agenda alongside Iran’s demands concerning occupation.

Syria closed its border with Iraq, restricting an important supply route for Baghdad. The move strengthened the practical consequences of Syria’s wartime alignment with Iran.

Syria closed the pipeline carrying Iraqi oil to Mediterranean outlets. Baghdad lost an export route while Iran gained strategic support from an Arab ally.

Iran announced that Mohamed Seddik Benyahia had died while flying to Tehran and accused Iraq of downing the plane. His visit had been connected with mediation efforts.

By mid-May, Iranian forces had pushed Iraqi troops back toward Khorramshahr after weeks of fighting. The advance set up the final assault on the city and made the defense of Iraq’s last major foothold...

Iranian forces attacked fortified Iraqi positions around Khorramshahr. Iraq had reinforced the city, and the fighting was intense. Iran’s advance culminated in the city’s recapture several days later,...

Iranian troops entered Khorramshahr and captured thousands of Iraqi soldiers. The city’s recovery became a defining Iranian victory and is commemorated annually in Iran. It restored Iranian control...

In a broadcast interview, Ariel Sharon defended Israeli arms sales to Iran and rejected U.S. criticism. His remarks made the wartime supply relationship a matter of public ministerial debate.