Attack on Fort Oranje forces the occupiers to withdraw

Heijnsius estimates that hundreds of enslaved Africans have escaped, possibly about a quarter of the population held on plantations. This is a colonial estimate, not a complete count. Mass marronage...

Isaac Meza asks permission to take the remaining enslaved people and goods to Barbados. He says many people have been seized or have gone over to the Indigenous enemy. The letter shows Africans...

Indigenous fighters attack Acaribo with help from Africans who had escaped the plantation. Their cooperation connects resistance to colonial occupation with resistance to slavery. The colonial...

Governor Heijnsius dies. His death comes as the occupation is under pressure and colonial authorities are trying to restore military control. The struggle does not end with one governor: resistance...

The government assembles an expedition of Europeans and Indigenous allies. Its plan is to destroy villages and food stores and kill residents, forcing the resistance to surrender or leave. This is...

A land and river expedition destroys villages and, according to the report, captures 82 Indigenous people and five Maroons. The source says most of the Indigenous captives were hanged. Women and...

Indigenous fighters set fire to a house in Paramaribo and a building on an abandoned plantation, then escape. The colonial authorities suspect Maroon assistance. The action brings the war to the...

The Sapaijers, who had earlier fought the Dutch, now side with the occupier and attack Carib fighters, according to the colonial report. This shift shows that Indigenous peoples did not form a...

A colonial operation destroys a Maroon stronghold and kills about fifty people led by Gaminet. The source says only one man escaped. It gives no exact day in September. The attack shows that...

After taking office, Governor Van Sommelsdijck declares that fighters must be hunted down and killed, settlements destroyed and food supplies removed. The aim is to bring Indigenous communities...