NAACP is founded

The organization works to secure economic self-reliance and civil rights for Black Americans, linking community services with policy advocacy.

Surinamese students and residents create an association for mutual support, cultural life, and political voice; it becomes a lasting community institution. Source gives the year or month only; day 1...

The ACLU organizes to defend civil liberties through litigation, public education, and local affiliates, an enduring model for rights-based nonprofit advocacy.

Mary McLeod Bethune builds an “organization of organizations” to unite Black women’s groups and strengthen community-led action across education, health, economics, and public policy.

Blind Americans establish a member-led organization to advocate for equality, independence, and the right to participate in community life.