Representation of the People Act receives royal assent

The NAACP created a national institution for legal advocacy, research and public campaigning against racial discrimination. Its strategy combined litigation, journalism and grassroots pressure.

Socialist women’s organizations coordinated public demonstrations in several European cities. The day connected suffrage demands to labor conditions and international solidarity rather than treating...

Alice Paul and Lucy Burns formed a new organization that used marches, lobbying and civil disobedience to demand a federal suffrage amendment. Its strategies expanded movement pressure while revealing...

More than a thousand delegates from countries at war and neutral states met to press for peace and women’s participation in international decision-making. The gathering established the International...

The National Woman’s Party began daily pickets demanding a federal suffrage amendment. Arrests and imprisonment made state repression visible and intensified public pressure for voting rights.

The ILO was created in the postwar settlement with worker, employer and government representation. It made labor conditions an international concern, while migrant, domestic and informal workers...

The Marchant amendment to the Electoral Act gave women the right to vote. Women’s organizations had campaigned for decades; the first election in which women could actually cast ballots followed in...

Suffrage organizers created a civic organization to help women participate in public affairs after the constitutional victory. It institutionalized voter education and reform advocacy, though...

The amendment prohibited denying the vote because of sex after a long suffrage struggle. Many Black, Indigenous and Asian American women still faced racialized barriers to voting, and equal...

The act granted US citizenship to Native Americans born in the United States, after centuries of exclusion and federal control. Citizenship did not end tribal sovereignty disputes or guarantee the...