Pakistani forces launched a military crackdown in Dhaka and other cities after the political crisis over the 1970 election. The operation targeted civilians, students, political organizers, and Bengali security forces; it triggered a mass flight and armed resistance. Survivor testimony and Bangladesh’s archives document the violence, while casualty figures remain politically contested.
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What did Operation Searchlight target?
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The crackdown targeted civilian and political life and helped trigger war and mass flight.
The 7 March 1971 speech was the formal declaration of independence.
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It mobilized civil disobedience and became a turning point; formal declaration followed later.