Hindenburg appoints Hitler chancellor of Germany

Fifteen governments signed a treaty renouncing war as an instrument of national policy. Britain signed on behalf of parts of its empire, including India, without separate representation for...

A sharp fall in share prices on 24 October was followed by further crashes and a prolonged economic depression. The crisis spread through collapsing trade, credit, and commodity prices....

Mahatma Gandhi and 78 volunteers left Sabarmati Ashram for the coastal village of Dandi to challenge the British salt tax and monopoly. The march turned an everyday necessity into a mass...

An explosion near the Japanese-owned South Manchurian Railway was used as a pretext for the Kwantung Army to seize cities across Manchuria. China appealed to the League of Nations, whose inquiry...

Japan announced Manchukuo in occupied Manchuria, presenting a state under the nominal rule of former Qing emperor Puyi. The Lytton Commission later concluded that the new state did not represent a...

Japan formally notified the League of Nations that it would withdraw after the League rejected recognition of Manchukuo. The withdrawal followed Japan's occupation of Manchuria and the Lytton inquiry....

Italian forces invaded Ethiopia from Eritrea and Italian Somaliland, using superior weapons and chemical agents against a sovereign African state. Ethiopia appealed to the League of Nations, whose...

The Arab Higher Committee called a general strike demanding an end to British rule, an end to Jewish immigration and land purchases, and an independent representative government. The strike became the...

Generals leading a coup against Spain's elected Republic began the rebellion in the Spanish Protectorate in Morocco before expanding it to the peninsula. The colonial army included Moroccan troops...

A military clash near Beiping (Beijing) escalated after Japanese and Chinese forces mobilized. The incident became the opening of full-scale Sino-Japanese War, following years of Japanese encroachment...