Evian conference fails to secure refuge for Jews fleeing Nazi rule

After clashes and killings, Palestinian national committees called a general strike demanding an end to Jewish immigration and land transfers and the creation of a national government. The strike...

Emperor Haile Selassie addressed the League of Nations after Italy’s invasion and occupation of much of Ethiopia. He warned that abandoning collective security would place every small state at risk....

The military uprising began in Spanish Morocco and spread to mainland Spain. Franco’s Army of Africa, including Moroccan troops recruited under colonial rule, became central to the Nationalist...

Japanese forces captured Nanjing after the city’s defense collapsed. For weeks, soldiers killed civilians and prisoners, committed mass sexual violence, and looted homes and institutions. Chinese...

The constitution of Ireland came into force, replacing the Free State framework and reducing the formal role of the British Crown. It followed a decade of political struggle to unwind provisions of...

The British government announced a policy limiting Jewish immigration and land purchases in Palestine while promising eventual independence under conditions that Palestinian Arabs and Zionist...

The Viceroy announced India was at war with Germany on the same day Britain entered the conflict. Indian political leaders and the legislature had not been consulted. The decision exposed the limits...

Governor Félix Éboué and military commander Pierre Marchand declared Chad’s alignment with Charles de Gaulle’s Free French movement. Chad became its first African territorial base, and other French...

Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill issued the Atlantic Charter, declaring that peoples should be able to choose their form of government and that sovereign rights should be restored. Churchill...

Japanese forces landed at Kota Bharu in British Malaya and at Pattani and Songkhla in Thailand, opening a rapid campaign down the peninsula. The invasion exposed the vulnerability of British...