Armenian intellectuals and community leaders arrested in Constantinople

Ottoman naval forces attacked Russian Black Sea ports, drawing the empire into the war on the side of Germany and Austria-Hungary. The conflict opened campaigns in the Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Sinai,...

After a siege involving Japanese and British forces, the German garrison at Qingdao surrendered. Japan’s occupation of the German concession in China gave Tokyo a stronger position in East Asia. The...

Japan presented China with demands that would expand Japanese control over German rights in Shandong and privileges in Manchuria and elsewhere. China negotiated under pressure and rejected the most...

Led by Baptist minister John Chilembwe, insurgents attacked the A.L. Bruce plantation in Nyasaland. The uprising grew from grievances over forced labor, racial discrimination, land, and wartime...

The Indian Corps played a major role in the British attack on Neuve Chapelle, one of the first large offensives on the Western Front. Indian soldiers fought in conditions for which the colonial army...

British, French, Australian, and New Zealand forces landed on the Gallipoli peninsula in an attempt to force the Dardanelles. Ottoman defenders repelled the campaign after months of fighting. The...

Japan’s ultimatum forced China to accept revised terms after months of negotiations over the Twenty-One Demands. The agreement strengthened Japanese influence in China while provoking public anger and...

Britain, France, and Russia issued a joint statement describing the Ottoman violence against Armenians as crimes against humanity and civilization. The phrase entered international discourse, but...

German forces surrendered after South African troops occupied the colony during a campaign aimed partly at denying Germany ports and wireless stations. The territory was later placed under South...

Socialists from across Europe met at Zimmerwald to oppose the war and call for peace. The manifesto linked the conflict to imperial competition and condemned the burden placed on workers and oppressed...