A ninth national day of action brought workers, students and other opponents into demonstrations against the pension reform. The movement persisted after the government's use of Article 49.3, with labor unions maintaining a broad front even as tactics and internal debates changed. Police crowd-control practices and protester injuries became part of the political conflict. The reform was eventually promulgated, showing that mass mobilization can challenge policy and legitimacy without necessarily reversing a government's decision.
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What issue connected the 2023 pension protests to debates about class and gender?
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Explanation
The impact of later retirement differs for physically demanding jobs, interrupted careers and groups with unequal life expectancy.
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