France and Haiti revise the independence indemnity but retain the debt

By royal ordinance, Charles X offered recognition of Haitian independence on condition that Haiti pay 150 million francs to former French colonists, many of whom had enslaved people, and grant...

The Act scheduled emancipation across most British colonies and authorized up to £20 million in compensation for enslavers, while formerly enslaved people received no compensation. Apprenticeship...

On 3 August the Commons debated Treasury resolutions to raise and distribute the £20 million compensation authorized by the Abolition Act. Parliament structured public borrowing to reimburse...

The decree abolished slavery in French colonies and possessions and declared that French citizens could not own or traffic enslaved people. Abolition was a victory shaped by enslaved people’s...

The law fixed compensation for colonial owners after abolition. It converted enslaved people’s freedom into a public financial liability to former owners, while the newly emancipated received no...

The First Pan-African Conference on Reparations for African Enslavement, Colonization and Neo-Colonization adopted the Abuja Proclamation. It declared reparations a matter of justice, called on...

The Crown acknowledged and apologized for the invasion and confiscation of Waikato lands. The settlement combined NZ$170 million in cash and assets, return or purchase of selected lands, and...

The Crown acknowledged grave injustices that damaged Ngāi Tahu economic, social and cultural development and apologized. The deed provided NZ$170 million in settlement redress, cultural and commercial...