British troops capture Fort Cornelis

The VOC ceased to exist when its charter expired. The Dutch state took over its debts, possessions, and administrative responsibilities. Company rule ended, but colonial extraction and coercive...

British forces defeated the Batavian garrison near Cape Town. The battle opened the way to British occupation, but the change of European rulers did not end settler land seizure or frontier wars...

After the Blaauwberg defeat and the surrender of part of the defending force, Governor Janssens and the remaining Batavian troops capitulated. British occupation began through an imperial handover...

British forces landed on Java during the Napoleonic Wars, attacking a colony administered by Dutch personnel under French imperial authority. For Javanese people the invasion meant another...

The colonial capital surrendered during the British invasion. Control of Batavia gave Britain the administrative center, but the population had no meaningful say in the change of sovereignty.

The formal capitulation transferred Java to British rule. Raffles later changed land and trade policies, but British rule remained colonial rule. For island communities it was another externally...

A royal decree barred Dutch ships from being equipped for the Atlantic slave trade. It followed British pressure and did not emancipate people already enslaved or end plantation slavery. Ending the...

The Convention restored many former Dutch possessions but left the Cape and Demerara, Essequibo, and Berbice outside Dutch control. European governments negotiated territory without the consent of...

The Dutch resumed government on Java after British occupation. The restored state empire would expand through military campaigns and crop extraction; local rulers retained limited authority under...

Thomas Matulessy, known as Pattimura, led revolt against Dutch restoration in Maluku. Resistance opposed renewed colonial demands, forced deliveries, and loss of local autonomy. Indonesian public...