The VOC launches its main offensive on Lontor

VOC Governor-General Jan Pieterszoon Coen appealed to the company’s directors for more soldiers, ships, and money to confront Bandanese resistance and English competition. The appeal shows how the...

VOC forces captured the Javanese port town of Jayakarta. The company destroyed much of the settlement and built its fortified administrative centre there, later called Batavia (today Jakarta). This...

In a letter to the VOC directors, Coen argued that Banda should be subjugated and repopulated to secure the company’s nutmeg monopoly. The proposal made the colonial aim explicit: displace the...

A large VOC fleet led by Coen arrived at Fort Nassau with European troops and Asian auxiliaries. The expedition was organized to defeat Bandanese opposition and enforce the company’s spice monopoly....

A Dutch reconnaissance and landing party attempting to find a beachhead on Lontor came under fire and was pushed back. The defense demonstrates that Bandanese communities were active military...

By the end of the assault, VOC forces held key lowland and coastal areas while Bandanese people retreated to the hills. Occupation did not end resistance. The seizure enabled the VOC to destroy...

VOC authorities arrested Bandanese orang kaya (community leaders) and used torture during interrogations about an alleged conspiracy. The proceedings supplied a justification for executions and...

VOC officials executed dozens of Bandanese orang kaya after coercive interrogations and a summary proceeding. Scholarly accounts commonly identify 44 people, while figures and descriptions vary across...

The States General chartered the Dutch West India Company (WIC), giving it monopoly rights over Dutch commerce in the Atlantic and Americas and powers to wage war, build forts, and govern. The company...

A Dutch West India Company (WIC) fleet seized Salvador, the capital of Portuguese Brazil. The occupation targeted a major sugar-producing colony and port in a region whose wealth depended on...