Yacine Biram boards the Lawrence to return to Africa

Yacine Biram, a Senegalese woman brought to Guiana under a six-year labor contract, married M’Bisame Diouf, who had arrived in 1854 on the same ship. Their marriage documents family formation among...

The Joseph sailed from the West African coast carrying 340 African immigrants toward Cayenne. Later Guyanese accounts identify D’Chimbo among this group. The migration took place within a French...

The Joseph reached Cayenne after a 47-day crossing from the West African coast. A contemporary account later identified D’Chimbo as one of the African immigrants who arrived in 1858. He was assigned...

The Cayenne court sentenced D’Chimbo to imprisonment and police surveillance for assault, theft, and vagrancy. The judgment reflects how colonial authorities interpreted his actions through criminal...

After a four-year gap, the Réaumur arrives with 550 Indian workers embarked and 534 recorded as arriving. The four-year interruption reflected the fragile finances and administration of colonial...

France and Britain sign a convention regulating the recruitment and treatment of Indian workers for French colonies. It followed British objections to French recruitment of Africans through the...

The Parmentier arrives with 533 workers embarked from Pondicherry and Karikal and 514 recorded as arriving. The voyage shows that the 1861 convention’s protections existed alongside continuing...

The Nicolas-Poussin arrives from Pondicherry and Karikal with 277 workers embarked and 275 recorded as arriving. This later convoy shows that the indenture system persisted beyond its first arrivals...

The Duguay-Trouin arrives from Pondicherry and Karikal with 412 workers embarked and 400 recorded as arriving. The archive-based chronology notes that officials refused immediate landing and moved the...

The Berryer arrives in French Guiana with 306 workers, the final ship in the twenty-convoy migration recorded between 1856 and 1877. More than 8,000 people crossed from India and the Caribbean to work...